:root {
    /* Light Mode Variables */
    --glass-border: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15) 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3));
    --bg-gradient-start: #f5f7fa;
    --bg-gradient-end: #e8edf2;
    --text-primary: #1d1d1f;
    --text-secondary: #424245;
    --text-tertiary: #86868b;
    --card-bg: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
    --nav-bg: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25);
    --card-border: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.65);
    --badge-bg: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4);
    --border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
    --input-bg: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4);
    --input-border: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
    --input-focus-border: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
    --input-focus-bg: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
    --hover-bg: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
    --shadow-sm: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.03);
    --shadow-md: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
    --shadow-lg: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);
    --scroll-thumb: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    --scroll-thumb-hover: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
    --timeline-dot: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
    --glass-blur-lg: 16px;
    --glass-blur-md: 12px;
    --glass-blur-sm: 8px;
    --glass-saturate: 180%;
    --bs-body-font-family: 'Poppins', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "Roboto", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
    --bs-headings-font-family: 'Poppins', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", "Roboto", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
}

[data-theme="dark"] {
    /* Dark Mode Variables */
    --glass-border: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3));
    --bg-gradient-start: #050505;
    --bg-gradient-end: #0a0a0a;
    --text-primary: #ffffff;
    --text-secondary: #e0e0e0;
    --text-tertiary: #a0a0a0;
    --card-bg: rgba(30, 30, 32, 0.6);
    --nav-bg: rgba(30, 30, 32, 0.4);
    --card-border: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
    --badge-bg: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    --border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
    --input-bg: rgba(30, 30, 32, 0.4);
    --input-border: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
    --input-focus-border: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4);
    --input-focus-bg: rgba(30, 30, 32, 0.6);
    --hover-bg: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);
    --shadow-sm: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);
    --shadow-md: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
    --shadow-lg: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
    --scroll-thumb: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
    --scroll-thumb-hover: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
    --timeline-dot: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
}

html { 
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    html {
        scroll-behavior: auto;
    }
    * {
        animation-duration: 0.01ms !important;
        transition-duration: 0.01ms !important;
    }
}

body {
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom, var(--bg-gradient-start) 0%, var(--bg-gradient-end) 100%);
    color: var(--text-primary);
    min-height: 100vh;
    font-family: var(--bs-body-font-family);
    line-height: 1.6;
    margin: 0; 
    padding: 0;
    overflow-x: hidden;
    position: relative;
    transition: background 0.3s ease, color 0.3s ease;
}

/* Link Styles */
a {
    color: rgb(67, 146, 207);
    text-decoration: underline;
    transition: color 0.2s ease;
}

a:hover {
    color: rgb(50, 120, 180);
}

[data-theme="dark"] a {
    color: rgb(100, 170, 225);
}

[data-theme="dark"] a:hover {
    color: rgb(130, 190, 240);
}

/* Theme Toggle Button */
.theme-toggle {
    position: fixed;
    top: 1.5rem;
    right: 1.5rem;
    z-index: 1000;
    background: var(--card-bg);
    color: var(--text-primary);
    width: 44px;
    height: 44px;
    padding: 0;
    border-radius: 50%;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    cursor: pointer;
    backdrop-filter: blur(var(--glass-blur-md)) saturate(var(--glass-saturate));
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(var(--glass-blur-md)) saturate(var(--glass-saturate));
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    box-shadow: 0 6px 16px var(--shadow-md);
    border: none;
    isolation: isolate;
}

.theme-toggle::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    border-radius: 50%;
    padding: 1px;
    background: var(--glass-border);
    -webkit-mask: 
        linear-gradient(#fff 0 0) content-box, 
        linear-gradient(#fff 0 0);
    -webkit-mask-composite: xor;
    mask-composite: exclude;
    pointer-events: none;
}

.theme-toggle:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    background: var(--hover-bg);
    box-shadow: 0 12px 28px var(--shadow-lg);
}

.theme-toggle i {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    line-height: 1;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    transition: transform 0.5s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0.0, 0.2, 1);
}

.theme-toggle:active {
    transform: translateY(0);
}

/* Section Navigation */
.section-nav {
    position: fixed;
    top: 1.5rem;
    left: 1.5rem;
    z-index: 1000;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
}

.nav-current {
    background: var(--nav-bg);
    border: none;
    color: var(--text-primary);
    padding: 0.6rem 1.2rem;
    border-radius: 100px;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    cursor: pointer;
    backdrop-filter: blur(var(--glass-blur-md)) saturate(var(--glass-saturate));
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(var(--glass-blur-md)) saturate(var(--glass-saturate));
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    box-shadow: 0 6px 16px var(--shadow-md);
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    user-select: none;
    position: relative;
    isolation: isolate;
}

.nav-current::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    border-radius: 100px;
    padding: 1px;
    background: var(--glass-border);
    -webkit-mask: 
        linear-gradient(#fff 0 0) content-box, 
        linear-gradient(#fff 0 0);
    -webkit-mask-composite: xor;
    mask-composite: exclude;
    pointer-events: none;
}

.nav-current:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    background: var(--hover-bg);
    box-shadow: 0 12px 28px var(--shadow-lg);
}

.nav-current:active {
    transform: translateY(0);
}

.nav-current i {
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.nav-current.active i {
    transform: rotate(180deg);
}

.nav-list {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0.5rem 0 0 0;
    background: var(--nav-bg);
    border: none;
    border-radius: 16px;
    overflow: hidden;
    backdrop-filter: blur(var(--glass-blur-md)) saturate(var(--glass-saturate));
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(var(--glass-blur-md)) saturate(var(--glass-saturate));
    box-shadow: 0 10px 40px -10px var(--shadow-sm);
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(-10px);
    pointer-events: none;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    min-width: 160px;
    transform-origin: top left;
}

.nav-list.show {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
    pointer-events: auto;
}

.nav-item {
    padding: 0.75rem 1.25rem;
    cursor: pointer;
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    border-bottom: none;
}

.nav-item:hover {
    background: var(--hover-bg);
    color: var(--text-primary);
}

.nav-item.active {
    color: var(--text-primary);
    font-weight: 700;
    background: transparent;
}

.container { 
    max-width: 1200px; 
    padding: 0 1.5rem; 
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
}

/* Optimized Cards */
.publication-card, .profile-card, .timeline-item {
    background: var(--card-bg);
    border-radius: 24px;
    box-shadow: 
        0 4px 24px -1px var(--shadow-sm),
        0 2px 8px -1px var(--shadow-sm);
    transition: transform 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1), box-shadow 0.3s ease, background 0.3s ease;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
    backdrop-filter: blur(var(--glass-blur-lg)) saturate(var(--glass-saturate));
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(var(--glass-blur-lg)) saturate(var(--glass-saturate));
    border: none;
}

.publication-card:hover, .timeline-item:hover {
    transform: translateY(-4px);
    box-shadow: 
        0 20px 40px -4px var(--shadow-md),
        0 8px 16px -4px var(--shadow-sm);
}

.profile-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 
        0 12px 32px -2px var(--shadow-md),
        0 4px 12px -2px var(--shadow-sm);
}

.publication-media {
    width: 100%; 
    object-fit: contain;
    height: auto;
}

.publication-body { 
    padding: 2rem; 
    background: transparent;
}

.venue-badge {
    background: var(--badge-bg);
    color: var(--text-primary); 
    padding: 0.35rem 1rem; 
    border-radius: 100px;
    font-size: 0.875rem; 
    font-weight: 600; 
    display: inline-block;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem; 
    box-shadow: 0 2px 10px var(--shadow-sm);
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    backdrop-filter: blur(var(--glass-blur-sm)) saturate(var(--glass-saturate));
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(var(--glass-blur-sm)) saturate(var(--glass-saturate));
    border: none;
}

.interest-badge {
    background: rgba(67, 146, 207, 0.15);
    color: rgb(67, 146, 207);
    padding: 0.4rem 1rem;
    border-radius: 100px;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    display: inline-block;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px var(--shadow-sm);
    border: 1px solid rgba(67, 146, 207, 0.3);
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.interest-badge:hover {
    background: rgba(67, 146, 207, 0.25);
    transform: translateY(-1px);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px var(--shadow-md);
}

[data-theme="dark"] .interest-badge {
    background: rgba(100, 170, 225, 0.15);
    color: rgb(100, 170, 225);
    border: 1px solid rgba(100, 170, 225, 0.3);
}

[data-theme="dark"] .interest-badge:hover {
    background: rgba(100, 170, 225, 0.25);
}

.profile-card {
    border-radius: 28px; 
    padding: 2rem 2.5rem; 
    height: auto; 
    position: relative;
}

.profile-image {
    width: 140px; 
    height: 140px; 
    border-radius: 50%; 
    object-fit: cover;
    object-position: center 25%;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 32px var(--shadow-sm);
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
    border: none;
}

.profile-image:hover {
    transform: scale(1.05);
}

.social-links { 
    display: flex; 
    gap: 0.75rem; 
    justify-content: center; 
    margin-top: 1.25rem; 
}

.social-link {
    width: 44px; 
    height: 44px; 
    display: flex; 
    align-items: center; 
    justify-content: center;
    border-radius: 50%; 
    background: var(--badge-bg);
    color: var(--text-primary);
    transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease, background 0.2s ease;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px var(--shadow-sm);
    aspect-ratio: 1;
    text-decoration: none;
    backdrop-filter: blur(var(--glass-blur-sm)) saturate(var(--glass-saturate));
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(var(--glass-blur-sm)) saturate(var(--glass-saturate));
    border: none;
}

.social-link:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    background: var(--hover-bg);
    color: var(--text-primary);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 24px var(--shadow-md);
}

h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
    color: var(--text-primary);
    font-family: var(--bs-headings-font-family);
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
}

input, button, select, textarea {
    font-family: inherit;
}

h2 {
    font-size: 2.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .publication-card .row { flex-direction: column; }
    .publication-media { height: auto; aspect-ratio: 16/9; }
    #publications-container { padding-bottom: 2rem; }
    footer { position: relative; bottom: 0; width: 100%; margin-top: 2rem; }
    .timeline-container { overflow-x: auto; }
    .profile-card { padding: 1.75rem 1.5rem; }
    .profile-image { width: 120px; height: 120px; }
    h2 { font-size: 2rem; }
    .container { padding: 0 1rem; }
    .social-links { gap: 0.65rem; margin-top: 1rem; }
    .social-link { width: 40px; height: 40px; }
    
    .section-nav {
        top: 1rem;
        left: 1rem;
    }
}

.publication-card h5 {
    color: var(--text-primary);
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    transition: color 0.3s;
}

.publication-body p, .publication-body small,
.publication-body-custom p, .publication-body-custom small,
#education .card p, #education .card span, #education .card h4,
#research .card p, footer p { 
    color: var(--text-secondary) !important; 
}

/* Research section links should have proper styling */
#research .card p a {
    color: rgb(67, 146, 207) !important;
    text-decoration: underline !important;
}

#research .card p a:hover {
    color: rgb(50, 120, 180) !important;
}

[data-theme="dark"] #research .card p a {
    color: rgb(100, 170, 225) !important;
}

[data-theme="dark"] #research .card p a:hover {
    color: rgb(130, 190, 240) !important;
}

.search-container { 
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem; 
}

.search-input {
    width: 100%; 
    padding: 1.1rem 1.75rem; 
    border-radius: 20px;
    border: 1px solid var(--input-border);
    background: var(--input-bg);
    color: var(--text-primary); 
    font-size: 1rem;
    backdrop-filter: blur(var(--glass-blur-md)) saturate(var(--glass-saturate));
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(var(--glass-blur-md)) saturate(var(--glass-saturate));
    transition: border-color 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease, background 0.2s ease;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 10px var(--shadow-sm);
}

.search-input:focus {
    outline: none;
    border-color: var(--input-focus-border);
    background: var(--input-focus-bg);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 24px var(--shadow-md);
}

.search-input::placeholder { 
    color: var(--text-tertiary); 
}

.abstract-toggle {
    background: none; 
    border: none; 
    border-radius: 12px;
    padding: 0.6rem 1.2rem; 
    color: var(--text-primary); 
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    cursor: pointer; 
    margin-top: 1rem;
    transition: background 0.2s ease;
}

.abstract-toggle:hover { 
    background: var(--hover-bg); 
}

.abstract-content {
    max-height: 0; 
    overflow: hidden; 
    transition: max-height 0.3s ease;
    margin-top: 0.5rem; 
    padding: 0 1rem;
}

.abstract-content.expanded {
    max-height: 600px; 
    padding: 0 1rem 1rem;
}

.project-link {
    background: var(--badge-bg);
    color: var(--text-primary); 
    padding: 0.5rem 1.2rem; 
    border-radius: 100px;
    font-size: 0.875rem; 
    font-weight: 600; 
    text-decoration: none; 
    display: inline-flex; 
    align-items: center; 
    gap: 0.6rem;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px var(--shadow-sm);
    transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease, background 0.2s ease;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    backdrop-filter: blur(var(--glass-blur-sm)) saturate(var(--glass-saturate));
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(var(--glass-blur-sm)) saturate(var(--glass-saturate));
    border: none;
}

.project-link:hover {
    background: var(--hover-bg);
    transform: translateY(-1px); 
    color: var(--text-primary);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 20px var(--shadow-md);
}

.timeline-container {
    overflow-x: auto; 
    padding: 1rem 0;
    scrollbar-width: thin; 
    scrollbar-color: var(--scroll-thumb) transparent;
}

.timeline-container::-webkit-scrollbar { 
    width: 8px; 
    height: 8px; 
}

.timeline-container::-webkit-scrollbar-track { 
    background: transparent; 
}

.timeline-container::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb { 
    background: var(--scroll-thumb); 
    border-radius: 100px; 
}

.timeline-container::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover { 
    background: var(--scroll-thumb-hover); 
}

.timeline { 
    display: flex; 
    gap: 1.5rem; 
    width: fit-content; 
    padding: 1rem 0; 
}

.timeline-item {
    border-radius: 20px; 
    padding: 1rem 1.5rem; 
    min-width: 340px; 
    flex: none; 
    position: relative;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
}

.timeline-item h4 { 
    margin-bottom: 0.25rem; 
    color: var(--text-primary);
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
}

.timeline-item p { 
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.timeline-item .time-range { 
    font-size: 0.85rem; 
    color: var(--text-tertiary); 
    font-weight: 500;
}

.experience-logo-container {
    width: 90px;
    height: 90px;
    min-width: 90px;
    border-radius: 16px;
    background: #ffffff;
    border: none;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: 8px;
    box-shadow: none;
}

.experience-logo {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: contain;
    border-radius: 0;
}

.timeline-item::before {
    content: ""; 
    position: absolute; 
    right: -0.75rem; 
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    width: 6px;
    height: 6px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: var(--timeline-dot);
    z-index: 1;
}

.timeline-item:last-child::before { 
    display: none; 
}

/* Smooth scroll styling */
::-webkit-scrollbar {
    width: 12px;
}

::-webkit-scrollbar-track {
    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.02);
}

::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
    background: var(--scroll-thumb);
    border-radius: 100px;
    border: 3px solid transparent;
    background-clip: content-box;
}

::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb:hover {
    background: var(--scroll-thumb-hover);
    background-clip: content-box;
}

/* Hobby tags style */
.hobby-tag {
    background: transparent;
    padding: 0.2rem 0.4rem;
    border-radius: 100px;
    font-size: 0.813rem;
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    border: none;
    transition: transform 0.2s ease;
    cursor: default;
    display: inline-block;
}

.hobby-tag:hover {
    background: transparent;
    transform: scale(1.2);
    color: var(--text-primary);
}

/* Info box style */
.info-box {
    background: var(--badge-bg);
    border-radius: 14px;
    padding: 1rem 1.5rem;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px var(--shadow-sm);
    display: inline-block;
    max-width: 100%;
    backdrop-filter: blur(var(--glass-blur-sm)) saturate(var(--glass-saturate));
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(var(--glass-blur-sm)) saturate(var(--glass-saturate));
    border: none;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .info-box {
        padding: 0.875rem 1.25rem;
    }
    .theme-toggle {
        top: 1rem;
        right: 1rem;
    }
}

/* Performance optimizations */
* {
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}

img, video {
    content-visibility: auto;
}

/* Optimize rendering performance */
.publication-card, .profile-card, .timeline-item {
    contain: layout style paint;
}

/* Prevent layout shift */
.lazy-image, .lazy-video {
    background: #ffffff;
}

/* Ensure white background for media containers in both light and dark mode */
[data-theme="dark"] .media-container-custom {
    background: #ffffff;
}

[data-theme="dark"] .lazy-image,
[data-theme="dark"] .lazy-video {
    background: #ffffff;
}

/* Utility classes for text colors */
.text-gray-500 { color: var(--text-tertiary) !important; }
.text-gray-600 { color: var(--text-secondary) !important; }
.text-gray-400 { color: var(--text-tertiary) !important; }

/* New Utility Classes */
.leading-tight { line-height: 1.4 !important; }
.leading-relaxed { line-height: 1.6 !important; }
.icon-amber { color: #f59e0b; margin-right: 0.5rem; }
.fw-500 { font-weight: 500 !important; }

/* Media Queries for Publications */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .publication-card .media-container-custom {
        border-radius: 1.5rem 1.5rem 0 0 !important;
    }
}

/* JS Generated Elements Styles */
.video-media, .image-media {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    display: block;
    border-radius: 0;
}

.media-placeholder {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--bg-gradient-start) 60%, var(--bg-gradient-end) 100%);
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    border-radius: inherit;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
}

.media-placeholder-icon-container {
    width: 48px;
    height: 48px;
    border-radius: 12px;
    background: var(--input-bg);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
}

.media-icon {
    color: var(--text-tertiary);
    font-size: 24px;
}

.media-container-custom {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    overflow: hidden;
    background: #ffffff;
}

.publication-body-custom {
    padding: 1.25rem;
    width: 100%;
    border-radius: 0 1.5rem 1.5rem 0;
}

.publication-card-custom {
    cursor: default;
    padding: 0;
    border-radius: 1.5rem;
}

.publication-card-custom .row {
    align-items: stretch !important;
}

.publication-card-custom .col-md-3 {
    display: flex !important;
}

.publication-card-custom.pointer {
    cursor: pointer;
}

/* Animated Emoji Styles */
.hobby-tag .emoji-wrapper {
    position: relative;
    width: 32px;
    height: 32px;
    display: inline-block;
    vertical-align: middle;
}

.hobby-tag .emoji-static,
.hobby-tag .emoji-animated img {
    width: 32px;
    height: 32px;
    object-fit: contain;
    display: block;
}

.hobby-tag .emoji-animated {
    display: none;
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
}

.hobby-tag:hover .emoji-static {
    display: none;
}

.hobby-tag:hover .emoji-animated {
    display: block;
}

/* Interest Tags Style */
.interest-tag {
    background: var(--badge-bg);
    color: var(--text-primary);
    padding: 0.4rem 0.9rem;
    border-radius: 100px;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    display: inline-block;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px var(--shadow-sm);
    backdrop-filter: blur(var(--glass-blur-sm)) saturate(var(--glass-saturate));
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(var(--glass-blur-sm)) saturate(var(--glass-saturate));
    border: none;
    transition: transform 0.2s ease, background 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease;
}

.interest-tag:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    background: var(--hover-bg);
    box-shadow: 0 6px 16px var(--shadow-md);
}